Contents
- 1 Creating impact and taking the initiative
- 2 A roof term for different approaches toward agency and entrepreneurs
- 3 Taking initiative and putting plans into practice
- 4 What is specific about entrepreneurship education?
- 5 Inspiring Handbooks and Resources: Entrepreneurship
- 6 Inspiring Handbooks and Resources: Activism, Civil Engagement
- 7 Example: Entrepreneurial Thinking in Citizenship Education
- 8 Guide: EntreComp in Youth Work and Non-formal Learning
- 9 References
Creating impact and taking the initiative
The idea of entrepreneurship is strongly related to self-empowerment and to individual initiative. It's clearly related to gaining value, often through putting a business idea into practice. But in a broader sense entrepreneurship can be seen as any activity with a social, cultural or economic "value" - or in the language of the social sphere - "impact":
Entrepreneurship (EU Definition)
"Entrepreneurship is when you act upon opportunities and ideas and transform them into value for others. The value that is created can be financial, cultural, or social."[1]
A roof term for different approaches toward agency and entrepreneurs
In a narrower sense entrepreneurship education is the roof term which unites so different approaches like stock-exchange simulation games, school companies, teaching economical skills, or social entrepreneurship. The last one is a hybrid field within the non-profit sector of a society and maybe the most natural connection of the idea of civil involvement with becoming an econmical entepreneur: "Social entrepreneurship can take the form of a social enterprise, an entrepreneurial structure which foresees profit making, but unlike a business structure, is not profit maximizing. It spends the profit on statutory purposes."[2]
Link to Active Citizenship
But the approach also has many links to Active Citizenship Education, precisely because it includes acting for a social goal in terms of cultural or civic engagement.Especially for the development of action-oriented training concepts and for the selection of methods, many points of intersection arise here.
Taking initiative and putting plans into practice
Entrepreneurship is addressing transversal competencies of individuals. If someone is a community organizer, youth leader, single activist or an entrepreneur, all of these different people require the competency to take initiative, to put plans into practice and the methodlogy how to do this under the concrete circumstances. This leads to the conclusion, that a lot of the skills, attitudes and knowledge addressed through entreprenership education is similarily addressed through some approaches of active citizenship education or through activism in civil society groups.
EntreComp Entrepreneurship Competence Framework
The EU Entrepreneurship Competence Framework defines entrepreneurship competence as:
- Transforming ideas and opportunities
- by mobilising resources
- into action
Transforming ideas and opportunities...
- Spotting opportunities
- Creativity
- Vision Valuing ideas
- Ethical and sustainable thinking
by mobilising resources...
- Self-awareness and self-efficacy
- Motivation and perseverance
- Mobilizing resources
- Financial and economic literacy
- Mobilizing others
into action
- Taking the initiative
- Planning and management
- Coping with uncertainty, ambiguity and risk
- Working with others
- Learning through experience
Source: EntreComp[3]
Video: EntreComp Entrepreneurship Competence Framework
What is specific about entrepreneurship education?
- Entrepreneurial learning is accepting money as a medium for social interaction. Some educators emphasize on solid business plans, some are taking as well collective economical forms into consideration, like cooperatives or commons. Entrepreneurial education would not in general criticize the existence of capital or resources as one influential medium of social life.
Inspiring Handbooks and Resources: Entrepreneurship
EntreComp in Youth Work and Non-formal Learning
Inspiration from the EntreComp 360 project for transfer from the EntreComp framework to non-formal learning and youth work.
DownloadEntreComp Community
The central platform for practicioners and advocates of entrepreneurship education in Europe.
onlineNetworking for Entrepreneurship Education
Guide to networking and collaboration by the EntreComp 360 project
DownloadEntreComp Playbook
The playbook is built on the experiments, perseverance and lessons learned by users of EntreComp.
DownloadEntreComp into Action - Get inspired, make it happen
A user guide to the European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework.
DownloadEntreComp
The EU Entrepreneurship Competence Framework
DownloadAssessment and recognition in formal and non-formal learning in entrepreneurship education
An introduction not only for entrepreneurship education by the project EntreComp 360
DownloadGuide: Women’s Entrepreneurship
How can EntreComp support Women’s Entrepreneurship? Created by the project EntreComp 360
DownloadDOIT Toolbox
from the project DOIT - Entrepreneurial skills for young social innovators in an open digital world
onlineYoung People, Entrepreneurship & Non-formal Learning: A Work in Progress
A discussion about the relation between youth work and entrepreneurship education.
DownloadHandbook: Sustainable Entrepreneurship
Non-formal education methods collected in the project Growing Green by Fora Copenhagen.
DownloadEntrelearn
Entrepreneurial learning toolkit for teachers developed by the EU I-Linc project.
DownloadPACE Workbook
Entrepreneurship education resource by Aarhus University together with Aalborg University and Aalto University School of Economics.
DownloadYoung Entrepreneurs: If not you, then who?
A guide developed by Asociación Jóvenes Solidarios with London Borough of Hackney and Hacettepe University.
DownloadEntreComp Teacher Cards
Set of cards on the what, why and how to teach of each EntreComp competence
DownloadPeer-to-Peer learning guide for entrepreneurship education
A collection of experiences and practices in Entrepreneurial learning
DownloadConneect Handbook 2015
Dr. Ian Heywood, Emma Heywood (editors)
Handbook for Entrepreneruship Education
Website
Inspiring Handbooks and Resources: Activism, Civil Engagement
Now Project Development Handbook
by NOW Association DownloadInitiative Cookbook
Homemade Engagement. An Introduction to Project Management. DownloadChange-oriented adult education in the fields of democracy and digitalization
from the project FutureLabAE
DownloadToolkit for Democracy and Human Rights
by Human Rights Academy (HRA) Norway.
DownloadA Consensus Handbook
Seeds for Change Network's tool for co-operative decision-making
DownloadResource Mobilization Toolkit
FRIDA's toolkit (not only) for girls, young women and trans youth
DownloadNetworking for Entrepreneurship Education
Guide to networking and collaboration by the EntreComp 360 project
Downloadtd-net toolbox
of the Swiss Academy of Sciences for developing projects, conducting research and exploring ways to impact in heterogeneous groups
OnlineSteps toward Action
Empowerment for self-responsible initiative. Help your learners to discover their vision and to turn it into concrete civic engagement.
DownloadLet's Play Democracybarometer
Learning democracy through analog card games by GIGA and demokrative
DownloadParticipatory Method Toolkit
A practitioners manual.
DownloadToolkit European citizenship in youth work
Toolkit 7 (revised) of Council of Europe
DownloadHave your say!
Manual on the Revised Charter on the Participation of Young People in Local and Regional Life by CoE
DownloadBuilding our Citizen Muscle
SALTO-Youth Participation, Diána Hajdu-Kis
Planning youth participation projects DownloadSeed for Change
Tools addressing skills around civic competences
WebGame On
A Practical Guide to Campaigning
DownloadField Guide to Human-Centered Design
IDEO's guide
DownloadDesign Thinking for Educators
by Riverdale Country School and IDEO
DownloadENGAGE
Learning democracy with children aged 8-12 by DARE network
DownloadImpact Management Toolbox
by the project BALTIC: YOUTH: IMPACT
OnlineDevelopment Impact & You
Practical Tools to trigger and support social innovation
DownloadCommunity Tool Box
Created by by University of Kansas
Online
Example: Entrepreneurial Thinking in Citizenship Education
An inspiring approach from transformational countries concludes, that Entrepreneurship Education can be a complementary element for citizenship education. Or in the words of EcoVisio, an NGO in Moldova:
"Many [people] do not see any future here, because of the lack of economic opportunities and a feeling of powerlessness to create them themselves. Some despair, others are more optimistic and actively engage in civil society activities. However, they are often faced with a conflict - either they contribute to improving the situation, or earn money. Here, social entrepreneurship (SE) comes to aid, enabling them to combine these two purposes and to create a sustainable future at home."
In this sense Entrepreneurship Education is whether simple capitalistic nor is it claiming to be a substitute for civic participation. It can be seen as an educational tool that leads to more opportunities in the civil society and opens the mind for sustainable forms of engagement beyond NGOs or informal groups.
Source: EcoVisio Website
Guide: EntreComp in Youth Work and Non-formal Learning
The debate on competences and the appropriation of competence frameworks mostly focuses on national curricula and formal education. At the same time, a significant amount of learning opportunities that synthesise knowledge, skills and attitudes and thus strengthen learners’ competences are organised outside these formal educational organisations. Therefore, with this publication, we encourage consideration of how competency frameworks in general, and EntreComp in particular for “entrepreneurship competence”, can be meaningfully integrated into non-formal learning.
References
- ↑ FFE-YE. (2012). Impact of Entrepreneurship Education in Denmark -2011. In L. Vestergaard, K. Moberg & C. Jørgensen (Eds.). Odense: The Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship -Young Enterprise.
- ↑ Tetiana Katsbert in: Pantea, Diroescu, Podlasek-Ziegler; p. 104
- ↑ Margherita Bacigalupo, Panagiotis Kampylis, Yves Punie, Godelieve Van den Brande EntreComp: The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework; European Union, 2016; p. 12
- ↑ Maria-Carmen Pantea, Raluca Diroescu, Maria Podlasek-Ziegler: Young People, Entrepreneruship & Non-formal Learning: A Work in Progress; SALTO-Youth Participation Resource Center; p. 38
- ↑ Maria-Carmen Pantea in: Pantea, Diroescu, Podlasek-Ziegler; p. 46
Nils-Eyk Zimmermann
Editor of Competendo. He writes and works on the topics: active citizenship, civil society, digital transformation, non-formal and lifelong learning, capacity building. Coordinator of European projects, in example DIGIT-AL Digital Transformation in Adult Learning for Active Citizenship, DARE network.
Blogs here: Blog: Civil Resilience.
Email: nils.zimmermann@dare-network.eu