Learning the Digital

Digital competence and educating digital competence. Digital transformation from the practice of Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education

Authors: M. Oberosler (ed.), E. Rapetti (ed.), N. Zimmermann (ed.), G. Pirker, I. Carvalho, G. Briz, V. Vivona

Design: S. Georgiev

Download: PDF

176 pages, 2021/22

Our notions of digital competence must respond to the deep roots of digital transformation in our current society. We need a pedagogy of ‘the digital’ that does not focus solely on teaching technical skills, in order for citizens to be prepared for the societal debates about digitalisation, to be able to actively participate in them, and to develop their own informed attitudes toward the possibilities opened up by the digital transformation.

In particular, opportunities for learning democracy and strengthening social participation are needed to empower active citizens, to raise awareness among broader groups in the population, and to ensure that the digital transformation in Europe is people-centred and shaped along democratic rights and values and upholds human rights prinicples.

With this handbook for educators, we present training methodologies and examples of relevant practice and encourage digitalisation as a central topic in lifelong learning: Learning for digitalisation, learning about digitalisation and learning through digitalisation.

From Digital Learning to Learning 'the Digital'

The more digitalisation takes hold in all areas of life, the state and the economy, and the more datafication, AI and platforms determine our lives, the more questions come to the fore that go beyond the mere teaching of user skills. Citizens need to understand the impact of technology and have a say in the direction the digital transformation should take. As users (and co-producers of the Internet ecosystem with their data and contributions), they also need skills that cannot be taught through technical education alone (digital learning). Learning 'the Digital' means integrating the perspective of EDC into a pedagogy of digital transformation. This handbook makes a contribution to this.

From the Table of Content:

Learning the digital as a competence-based learning
Network(ed) cultures
Digital global dimension
Artificial Intelligence and algorithms
Activism and Participation
Communication
Digital Self

Links included in this handbook

All references and sources mentioned in the text sorted by chapters:

Chapter 1: Learning the digital

Charter on Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education. https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/edc/Charter/Charter_EN.asp
European Council (EU 2018/C 189/01) Council Recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.C_.2018.189.01.0001.01.ENG
Frau-Meigs, D.; O’Neill, B.; Soriani, A.; Tomé, V. (2017). Digital Citizenship Education. Volume 1 Overview and new perspectives Overview and new perspectives, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. https://rm.coe.int/prems-187117-gbr-2511-digital-citizenship-literature-review-8432-web-1/168077bc6a
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop 2017). Briefing note – People, machines, robots and skills. Briefing note–9121EN. https://doi.org/10.2801/057353
Janssen, J.; Stoyanov, S.; Ferrari, A.; Punie, Y.; Pannekeet, K.; Sloep, P. (2013). Experts' views on digital competence: Commonalities and differences. Computers & Education, Volume 68, October 2013, pp. 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.06.008
OECD (2018). The Future of Education and Skills 2030. Position Paper (05.04.2018). https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/contact/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20(05.04.2018).pdf
OECD (2019). Future of Education and Skills 2030 – OECD Learning Compass 2030. A Series of Concept Notes. https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/contact/OECD_Learning_Compass_2030_Concept_Note_Series.pdf
UNESCO (2012). Education for Sustainable Development Sourcebook. Learning & Training Tools N°4, Paris 2012. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/926unesco9.pdf
UNESCO (2019). Framework for the implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) beyond 2019. Document code 40 C/23, 3 September 2019, UNESCO. General Conference, 40th, 2019. Catalog Number 0000370215. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370215
Carretero Gomez, S., Vuorikari, R. and Punie, Y. (2017). DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use, EUR 28558 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2017, ISBN 978-92-79-68006-9 (pdf), https://doi.org/10.2760/836968, JRC106281.
Council of Europe (2017). Reference Framework Competences for Democratic Culture (Vol. 1.–3.). Available at: https://rm.coe.int/prems-008318-gbr-2508-reference-framework-of-competences-vol-1-8573-co/16807bc66c (Vol. 1) (Accessed 7 December 2020); https://rm.coe.int/prems-008418-gbr-2508-reference-framework-of-competences-vol-2-8573-co/16807bc66d (Vol. 2) (Accessed 7 December 2020); https://rm.coe.int/prems-008518-gbr-2508-reference-framework-of-competences-vol-3-8575-co/16807bc66e (Vol. 3) (Accessed 7 December 2020)
Council of Europe (2019). Digital Citizenship Education Handbook. Being online. Well-being online. Rights online. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. https://rm.coe.int/168093586f
Kampylis, P., Punie, Y. and Devine, J. (2015). Promoting Effective Digital-Age Learning: A European Framework for Digitally-Competent Educational Organisations, EUR 27599 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2015, ISBN 978-92-79-54005-9, https://doi.org/10.2791/54070, JRC98209.
Redecker, C. (DigCompEdu 2017). European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu.Punie, Y. (ed). EUR 28775 EN. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2017, ISBN 978-92-79-73494-6, https://doi.org/10.2760/159770, JRC10
Sala, A., Punie, Y., Garkov, V. and Cabrera Giraldez, M. (2020). LifeComp: The European Framework for Personal, Social and Learning to Learn Key Competence, EUR 30246 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-19417-0, https://doi.org/10.2760/922681, JRC120911
Vuorikari R, Punie Y, Carretero Gomez S and Van Den Brande G. (2016). DigComp 2.0: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. Update Phase 1: the Conceptual Reference Model. EUR 27948 EN. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): Publications Office of the European Union; 2016. https://doi.org/10.2791/607218 JRC101254
Council of Europe (2019). Digital Citizenship Education Handbook. Being online. Well-being online. Rights online. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. https://rm.coe.int/168093586f
Sala, A., Punie, Y., Garkov, V. and Cabrera Giraldez, M. (2020). LifeComp: The European Framework for Personal, Social and Learning to Learn Key Competence, EUR 30246 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-19417-0, https://doi.org/10.2760/922681, JRC120911.

Chapter 2: Network cultures, network(ed) cultur(es)

Perry Barlow, J. (1996), Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, published on https://www.eff.org/de/cyberspace-independence
Average internet download speed: https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/1wepiz/average_download_speeds_by_country_1940x1050/
Geographical spread of social networks: https://vincos.it/world-map-of-social-networks/
Internet censorship map (Wikimedia Commons): https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16706797
Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): https://globalewaste.org/map/
Number of people using social media platform, 2004 to 2018: https://ourworldindata.org/rise-of-social-media and other data from Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/internet
Download speed – cost relation https://internethealthreport.org/2018/the-internet-is-more-affordable-but-not-enough/ and other data from Mozilla’s Internet Health reports on topics of equality, discrimination, and justice: https://foundation.mozilla.org/en/insights/internet-health-report/
Average internet download speed (Reddit): https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/1wepiz/average_download_speeds_by_country_1940x1050/
Geographical spread of social networks (Vincos Cosenca): https://vincos.it/world-map-of-social-networks/ and other world maps of social networks, and social media statistics: https://vincos.it/
International Telecommunication Union: Interactive Transmission Map https://www.itu.int/itu-d/tnd-map-public/
Reporters without Borders’ press freedom and media freedom reports: https://rsf.org/en
Internet Censorship 2021: A global Map of Internet Restrictions (2021, Paul Bischoff): https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/internet-censorship-map/
Internet Freedom Status (2021, Freedom House) https://freedomhouse.org/explore-the-map
Reuters annual digital news reports: https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/
Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): https://globalewaste.org/map/ and other statistics: https://globalewaste.org/
Internet Affordability Report: published annually by the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) https://a4ai.org/
Mozilla foundation web literacy: https://mozilla.github.io/web-lit-core/ and https://mozilla.github.io/web-lit-core/map-the-web/
Souter, D.; van der Spuy, A. (2019): UNESCO’S Internet Universality Indicators: A Framework for Assessing Internet Development. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris. Available in Open Access under the attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367617 and https://en.unesco.org/internetuniversality
Rapid Tables: https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/ascii-to-binary.html.
Digital mindmaps: http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
Jill Walker Rettberg: Situated Data Analysis: https://www.uib.no/en/machinevision/136862/situated-data-analysis
Future E-waste Scenarios, https://www.step-initiative.org/files/_documents/publications/FUTURE%20E-WASTE%20SCENARIOS_UNU_190829_low_screen.pdf
Klaus Schwab: The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
Crispino e Rosi Braidotti. Multiverso https://multiversoweb.it/riviste/corpo/il-complesso-teatro-del-corpo/
Joana Moll: http://www.janavirgin.com
Internet Waste (2021), A thought paper for International E-Waste Day 2020. International Telecommunication Union: The paper focuses on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) derived from wireless infrastructure for mobile Internet connectivity, connected devices and data storage with examples from mobile networks, IoT and data centres. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Environment/Pages/Spotlight/Internet-Waste-thought-paper.aspx
Rettberg, J. W., Kronman L., Solberg R., Gunderson M., Bjørklund S., Stokkedal L.H., Kurdin J. a2021. Machine Vision in Art, Games and Narratives. Research database. http://machine-vision.no
Zylinska J. (2020), AI Art- Machine Vision and warped Dreams, http://openhumanitiespress.org/books/download/Zylinska_2020_AI-Art.pdf
Movie Next Rembrabndt the movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?IuygOYZ1Ngo and https://nextrembrandt.com
https://thisartworkdoesnotexist.com/
https://thispersondoesnotexist.com
Different operational models current messengers services use: https://www.freie-messenger.de/dateien/system/Overview.PDF
What gets you censored at the Chiones Internet (Reddit) https://i.redd.it/wpahil3kgir31.png
Internet Censorship 2021: A global Map of Internet Restrictions (2021, Paul Bischoff): https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/internet-censorship-map/
Internet Freedom Status (2021, Freedom House) https://freedomhouse.org/explore-the-map and Freedom of the Net report https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net
SpyToMobile (SpyToMobile.com): https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34557848
The Internet’s Own Boy (USA, 105’) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vz06QO3UkQ
Github: https://github.com/
Handbook Educational Robotics. eMedia Project: Media Literacy and Digital Citizenship for All. All Digital 2019 https://all-digital.org/resources/educational-robotics-handbook/
https://digitale-nachhaltigkeit.net
Mejias, U. A. & Couldry, N. (2019). Datafication. Internet Policy Review, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.4.1428
Rettberg, J.W. (2020), Situated Data Analysis: A New Method for Analysing Encoded Power Relationships in Social Media Platforms and Apps”, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7, no. 1 (December 2020): 5, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0495-3
Speringer, M.,Schnelzer, J. (2019), Differentiation of Industry 4.0 Models. The 4th Industrial Revolution from different Regional Perspectives in the Global North and Global South, In: Regional Academy on the United Nations (RAUN) (Eds.) 2019. Innovations for Development: Towards Sustainable, Inclusive, and Peaceful Societies. Vienna. Accessible at: http://www.ra-un.org/publications
Rozzoni, S.Postumano Un umanesimo problematico,in Il nuovo Atlante diSophia. Per un lessico della pandemia B@belonline Rivista online di Filosofia Numero speciale, n. 7, 2021 https://aisberg.unibg.it/retrieve/handle/10446/189927/438544/11_POSTUMANO_Rozzoni.pdf
eMedia (2019). Handbook Educational Robotics. eMedia Project: Media Literacy and Digital Citizenship for All. All Digital 2019. https://all-digital.org/resources/educational-robotics-handbook/
European Commission (EC-OA n. d.). Open Access. Retrieved at 2021/10/12 from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/our-digitfuture/open-science/open-access_en
European Commission (EUC-RTD 2018). Open Science. Turning FAIR into reality (2018). Final Report and Action Plan from the European Commission Expert Group on FAIR Data. Directorate General for Research and Innovation. Directorate. B – Open Innovation and Open Science Unit B2. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2777/54599
Kiviniemi, J. (ed., 2019). Maker activities in Youth Work. verke Helsinki. https://www.verke.org/en/publications/maker-activities-in-youth-work/
UNESCO (2019). Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER). Retrieved at 2021/10/12 from: https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer/recommendation
Vuorikari, R., Ferrari, A., Punie, Y. (2019). Makerspaces for Education and Training – Exploring future implications for Europe. EUR 29819 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019, ISBN 978-92-76-09032-8, https://doi.org/10.2760/946996, JRC117481

Chapter 3: Global Digital Dimension

Shaping Europe's Digital Future. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 https://doi.org/10.2759/091014
Next Generation Internet (NGI) https://ngi.eu
https://competendo.net/en/Digital_Divide
https://www.itu.int/itu-d/tnd-map-public/
https://submarine-cable-map-2021.telegeography.com/
Greenpeace Report: Clicking Clean https://www.clickclean.org/
The Shift: Project: Lean ICT: Towards digital sobriety https://theshiftproject.org/en/lean-ict-2/
EU Commission: Report: Critical RawMaterial Resilience: https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0474
EU Commission: Circular economy action plan: For a cleaner and more competitive Europe. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy
Ecotree CO2 Calculator. https://ecotree.green/en/calculate-digital-co2
Forti V., Baldé C.P., Kuehr R., Bel G. The Global E-waste Monitor 2020: Quantities, flows and the circular economy potential. United Nations University (UNU)/United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) – co-hosted SCYCLE Programme, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), Bonn/Geneva/Rotterdam. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Environment/Pages/Spotlight/Global-Ewaste-Monitor-2020.aspx
Low Tech Magazine https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/
Human Power Plant https://www.humanpowerplant.be/
Privacy Protection https://competendo.net/en/Privacy_Protection
Liz Magic Laser https://www.lizmagiclaser.com/
Build a better mousetrap. Molle Industria. https://www.molleindustria.org/to-build-a-better-mousetrap/
Canvas City
What is a smart city?” by CNBC Explains: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bANfnYDTzxE
Smart Cities Francesca Bria Decode Project. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SaQDWmbN1Q
Baukraft https://www.interactivemedia-foundation.com/de/projekte/baukraft/
Status report 2021. Geneva. Michael Minges, ICT Data and Analytics Division of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) and United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLL). https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/D-LDC-ICTLDC.2021-2021/
Mayer-Schöneberger, V. (2015). What is Big Data? Accelerating the Human Cognitive Process. In: Zimmermann, N. (2020). The Internet, Big Data & Platforms, pp. 29-35. https://dttools.eu
OECD (2021), Internet access (indicator). https://doi.org/10.1787/69c2b997-en (Accessed on 13 December 2021)
OECD PISA (2018). Preparing our Youth for an Inclusive and Sustainable World. The OECD PISA global competence framework. Directorate for Education and Skills, Paris. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/Handbook-PISA-2018-Global-Competence.pdf
BroadBandNow (2021): Google Owns 63,605 Miles and 8.5% of Submarine Cables Worldwide. Zimmer, J, 2021/07/21; https://broadbandnow.com/report/google-content-providers-submarinecable-ownership/
Synergy Research Group (2021): Microsoft, Amazon and Google Account for Over Half of Today's 600 Hyperscale Data Centers. 2021/01/26; https://www.srgresearch.com/articles/microsoftamazon-and-google-account-for-over-half-of-todays-600-hyperscale-data-centers
Finley, K. (2016). The Average Webpage Is Now the Size of the Original Doom. Wired, 2016/04/23; https://www.wired.com/2016/04/average-webpage-now-size-original-doom/
Poell, T. & Nieborg, D. & van Dijck, J. (2019). Platformisation. Internet Policy Review, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.4.1425
European Commission (EUC-EB 2018). Standard Eurobarometer 88: “Media Use in the European Union” Report. https://doi.org/10.2775/116707
Ivanova, M; Bronowicka, J.; Kocher, E.; Degner, A (2018). The App as a Boss? Control and Autonomy in Application-Based Management. Arbeit | Grenze | Fluss – Work in Progress interdisziplinärer Arbeitsforschung Nr. 2, Frankfurt (Oder), Viadrina. https://doi.org/10.11584/Arbeit-Grenze-Fluss.
van Dijck, J. (2020). Seeing the forest for the trees: Visualizing platformization and its governance”, SAGE New Media & Society (Online First), First published July 8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820940293

Chapter 4: Artificial Intelligence and Algorithms

Elements of AI. Online course in the European languages, developed by the Finnish EU presidency. https://www.elementsofai.com/
AI is here. Digital Citizenship Resource Platform. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. https://dcrp.berkman.harvard.edu/tool/ai-here
Manuela Lenzen. Think, machine! https://competendo.net/en/Artficial_Intelligence:_Think,_Machine!
Visual Introduction in Machine Learning by Stephanie Yee and Tony Chu. https://www.r2d3.us/
Was sind Algorithmen? - Roboter-Parcours https://www.bpb.de/lernen/digitale-bildung/medienpaedagogik/bigdata/253037/roboter-parcours
mediale pfade. Digitalität ohne digitale Tools https://medialepfade.org/2018/02/digitalitaet-ohne-digitale-tools/
Week with Wanda https://weekwithwanda.com/
Menace by Matthew Scroggs. https://www.mscroggs.co.uk/menace/
Mensch Maschine. https://www.wissenschaftsjahr.de/2019/jugendaktion
IBM Watson natural language understanding https://www.ibm.com/demos/live/natural-languageunderstanding/self-service/home
Adam Geitgy: Natural language understanding is fun. Medium: https://medium.com/@ageitgey/natural-language-processing-is-fun-9a0bff37854e
IAQOS Intelligenza Artificiale di Quartiere Open Source. https://iaqos.online/site/
Getting the future right – Artificial intelligence and fundamental rights. https://doi.org/10.2811/774118
Globalpolicy.AI https://globalpolicy.ai/en/
Buolamwini, J; Ordóñez, V; Morgenstern, J.; Learned-Miller, E. (2020). Algorithmic Justice League, MacArthur Foundation. https://global-uploads.webflow.com/5e027ca188c99e3515b404b7/5ed1002058516c11edc66a14_FRTsPrimerMay2020.pdf
Wired: How to Thwart Facial Recognition and Other Surveillance https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-thwart-facial-recognition-other-surveillance/
Dizzmagazine: How to Hide from Machines: https://dismagazine.com/dystopia/evolved-lifestyles/8115/anti-surveillance-how-to-hide-from-machines/
Computer Vision Dazzle Camouflage: https://cvdazzle.com/
Algorithm Justice League. Drag vs AI Workshop. https://www.ajl.org/drag-vs-ai
How normal am I? By Tijmen Schep. https://www.hownormalami.eu/
Lauren Lee Mc Carthy. Exploring Algorithmic Living. https://www.get-lauren.com and https://lauren-mccarthy.com/
This person does not exist. https://www.thispersondoesnotexist.com
Kazimierz Rajnerowicz. Human vs AI Test: Can We Tell the Difference Anymore? https://www.tidio.com/blog/ai-test/
Deep Reckonings. By Stephanie Lepp: https://www.deepreckonings.com/
Gender Shades http://gendershades.org/
Tedtalk J. Buolamwini: How I'm fighting bias in algorithms. https://www.ted.com/talks/joy_buolamwini_how_i_m_fighting_bias_in_algorithms
Buolamwini: AI, Ain‘t I A Woman? https://www.youtube.com/watch?QxuyfWoVV98
Voicing Erasure: https://www.ajl.org/voicing-erasure
Learning Analytics und Diskriminierung (LADi) https://iug.htw-berlin.de/projekte/ladi-learning-analytics-und-diskriminierung/
Algorithmic Justice League (AJL). Gender Shades. https://www.youtube.com/watch?TWWsW1w-BVo
Humanæ project. By Angélica Dass https://angelicadass.com/photography/humanae/
European Data Protection Board (2021/06/21): EDPB & EDPS call for ban on use of AI for automated recognition of human features in publicly accessible spaces, and some other uses of AI that can lead to unfair discrimination, 21 June 2021. https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2021/edpb-edps-call-ban-use-ai-automated-recognition-human-features-publicly-accessible_en
European Union (GDPR 2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504
Ewe, K. (2021). Young Female Japanese Biker Turns Out To Be 50-Year-Old Man With FaceApp. https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3g88m/viral-japanese-biker-transformation-woman-faceapp
Li, Y.; Chang, M.; Lyu,S. (2018). In Ictu Oculi: Exposing AI Created Fake Videos by Detecting Eye Blinking. 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), 2018, pp. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1109/WIFS.2018.8630787
Mc Carthy, L. (2018). Feeling at Home: Between Human and AI. Jan 8, 2018. Immerse News https://immerse.news/feeling-at-home-between-human-and-ai-6047561e7f04?gi=36ca19d3ba89
Schep, T. (2020). How Normal Am I? An experience to learn how AI judges your face. STARTS, Oct. 9, 2020. Accessed at 2021/10/05: https://www.starts.eu/article/detail/how-normal-am-i/
Koenecke, A; Nam, A.; Lake, E.; Nudell, J.; Quartey, M.; Mengesha, Z.; Toups, C.; Rickford, J. R.; Jurafsky, D. (2020). Racial disparities in automated speech recognition. PNAS April 7, 2020 117 (14) 7684-7689; first published March 23, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915768117
Mai, L.; Köchling, A. and Wehner, M. (2021). ‘This Student Needs to Stay Back’: To What Degree Would Instructors Rely on the Recommendation of Learning Analytics?. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Education – Volume 1: CSEDU, ISBN 978-989-758-502-9; ISSN 2184-5026, pages 189-197. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010449401890197
Riazy, S. & Simbeck, K., (2019). Predictive Algorithms in Learning Analytics and their Fairness. In: Pinkwart, N. & Konert, J. (Hrsg.), DELFI 2019. Bonn: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.. (S. 223-228). https://doi.org/10.18420/delfi2019_305

Chapter 5: Activism and Participation

Dave Meslin. The Antidote to Apathy. TED Talk. https://www.ted.com/talks/dave_meslin_the_antidote_to_apathy
Wonder Me. https://www.wonder.me/
Participation models, citizens, youth, online https://www.nonformality.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Participation_Models_20121118.pdf
Council of Europe (2015) Have your say! https://rm.coe.int/16807023e0
Lucid Meetings. Lotos Blossom Technique. https://lucidmeetings.com/glossary/lotus-blossom-technique
https://competendo.net/en/Apps_and_Tools
Open Government Partnership (OGP). https://www.opengovpartnership.org/policy-area/digital-governance/
Participedia. https://participedia.net/
Fern. An activist's guide to the EU. https://www.youtube.com/watch?P8m_oYqFHh0
EDRi. Activist Guide to the Brussels Maze. https://edri.org/our-work/activist-guide-to-the-brussels-maze-3-0/
Front Line Defenders. Digital Protection Resources. https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/digital-protectionresources
Front Line Defenders, Tactical Tech Collective. Security in a box. https://securityinabox.org/
Front Line Defenders. Level Up. https://www.level-up.cc/curriculum/assessing-risksand-solutions/
Digital protection guides comparison by Gus Andrews. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1LOc6SOJGWymaN4P1hc8ln3Zp-aGob_eKSr9B6MJ6ReE/edit#gid=519861083
Digital violence: how the NSO group enables state terror. https://digitalviolence.org/
OpenStreetMap https://www.openstreetmap.org
Pirate Care https://syllabus.pirate.care/
Rede Inducar. A Par e Passo. PlayStore: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bizview.inducar&hl=pt_PT&gl=US; WebApp: https://inducar.bizview.pt/login; Back-office: https://admin.inducar.bizview.pt
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The danger of a single story. TED Talk. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Ihs241zeg
Facing History and Ourselves. https://www.facinghistory.org/about-us and https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/teaching-holocaust-and-human-behavior/stereotypes-and-single-stories
NGOs Story Tailors. https://toolbox.salto-youth.net/1593
Council of Europe. No Hate Speech Movement. https://www.coe.int/en/web/no-hate-campaign
ReThink Media. https://rethinkmedia.org / https://rethinkmedia.org/blog/so-you-want-go-viral-how-build-hashtag-campaigns-social-impact
Wikisfera. neutral. http://wikiesfera.org/
Whelmap https://wheelmap.org/
Berlin besetzt. https://berlin-besetzt.de/
Mundraub. https://mundraub.org/
Wem gehört Berlin? https://wem-gehoert.berlin/karte/
Mapping memories Cambodia https://mappingmemoriescam.wixsite.com/home.
Obiezione Respinta
BRaVE Building Resilience against Violent Extremism and Polarisation https://brave-h2020.eu/toolkit
Not an atlas project. https://notanatlas.org/
uMap https://umap.openstreetmap.de/en/
Open Data Handbook http://opendatahandbook.org/
ECSA (European Citizen Science Association). Ten Principles of Citizen Science https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XPR2N
Skype a Scientist. https://www.skypeascientist.com/
What is Citizen Science. https://www.youtube.com/watch?vKNwfF9H9-M
Bürger schaffen Wissen. https://www.buergerschaffenwissen.de/en
How to plan a citizen science project. https://www.buergerschaffenwissen.de/sites/default/files/grid/2017/11/20/handreichunga5_engl_web.pdf
Council of Europe (2015). Have Your Say! Manual on the revised European Charter on the Participation of Young People in Local and Regional Life, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. https://rm.coe.int/16807023e0
Council of Europe (2020). Bookmarks. A Manual for Combating Hate Speech Online through Human Rights Education. Revised edition (2020). Keen, E. & Georgescu, M. with contributions from Chernykh, O., Pandea A-R and Valtere S., Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. https://rm.coe.int/bookmarksen2020-web2/16809e5789
Davies, T.; Dowty, T.; Bhullar, S. (2011). Rethinking Responses to Children and Young People's Online Lives. EU Kids Online 2 – Final Conference, LSE, United Kingdom. (In Press). https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/273226/
DIGIT-AL (2020). Zimmermann, N.: Trust and Participatory Governance in: Rapetti, E.; Vieira Caldas (2020). Activism & Participation, p. 39-42. Digital Transformation in Learning for Active Citizenship. DARE Democracy and Human Rights Education in Europe, Brussels. https://dttools.eu
Edelman Trust Barometer 2020 (2020). Retrieved from: https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/440941/Trust%20Barometer%202020/2020%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Global%20Report.pdf
Jiang M, Xu H., (2009) Exploring Online Structures on Chinese Government Portals: Citizen Political Participation and Government Legitimation. Social Science Computer Review. 2009;27(2):174-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439308327313
Santini, R. M., Carvalho, H. (2019). Online platforms for citizen participation: meta-synthesis and critical analysis of their social and political impacts. (Plataformas online de participação cidadã: meta-síntese e avaliação crítica de seus impactos sociais e políticos). Comunicação e sociedade [Online], 36 | 2019, Online since 20 December 2019, connection on 06 October 2021. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.36(2019).2350

Chapter 6: Communication

Cetinkaya, Levent. (2017). The Impact of Whatsapp Use on Success in Education Process. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. 18. 10.19173/irrodl.v18i7.3279. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321381328_The_Impact_of_Whatsapp_Use_on_Success_in_Education_Process
NGI – Next Generation Internet Initiative. Instant Messaging. The NGI Way. https://www.ngi.eu/news/2021/01/15/instant-messaging-the-ngi-way/
https://competendo.net/en/Email_Encryption
Tactical Tech Collective. Holistic Security. https://holistic-security.tacticaltech.org/
Reuters Institute. Digital News Report. Executive Summary and Key Findings of the 2020 Report.https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/overview-key-findings-2020/
Wardle, C. und Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making, Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-report-november-2017/1680764666
DROG. Bad News. https://www.getbadnews.com/
Under Pressure. https://www.getunderpressure.com
Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Roozenbeek, J. & van der Linden, S. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-019-0279-9
Good News about Bad News: Gamified Inoculation Boosts Confidence and Cognitive Immunity Against Fake News by Basol, M.; Roozenbeek, J. & van der Linden, S. https://www.journalofcognition.org/articles/10.5334/joc.91/
Breaking Harmony Square: A game that “inoculates” against political misinformation by Roozenbeek, J. & van der Linden, S. https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/breaking-harmony-square-a-game-that-inoculates-against-political-misinformation/
Inoculating Against Fake News About COVID-19 by van der Linden, S.; Roozenbeek, J. & Compton, J. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566790/full
Amanda Warner. Fake it to make it. http://www.fakeittomakeitgame.com/
Hacia una metodología para la deliberación social. Junio 02, 2021. Juan David Parra. https://lasillavacia.com/content/metodologia-62965
Fake news for dummies. https://www.openyoureyes.info/en/database
Ashawi, K. (2020). In Syria camp fearing coronavirus, young teachers adapt again. Reuters, April 1, 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-syria-learning/in-syria-campfearing-coronavirus-young-teachers-adapt-again-idUSKBN21J5GM
Cifuentes, O. E., & Lents, N. H. (2011). Increasing student-teacher interactions at an urban commuter campus through instant messaging and online office hours. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 14(1), 1-13. Retrieved from http://ejse.southwestern.edu/article/view/7314
Doering, A.; Lewis, C.; Veletsianos, G.; Nichols-Besel, K.. (2008). Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions of Instant Messaging in Two Educational Contexts. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education. 25. 45-52. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ834086.pdf
Jacobs, G. E. (2006). Fast Times and Digital Literacy: Participation Roles and Portfolio Construction Within Instant Messaging. Journal of Literacy Research, 38(2), 171–196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15548430jlr3802_3
Sharma, S (2017). A reporter in a rural district of India uses WhatsApp to broadcast local news — and makes money doing it. Shivendra Gaur's Rocket Post Live has already gained 8,000 paying subscribers for rolling news alerts and a daily video bulletin. https://www.niemanlab.org/2017/03/a-reporter-in-a-rural-district-of-india-uses-whatsapp-to-broadcast-local-news-andmakes-money-doing-it/ March 30, 2017.
University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13628
Sweeny, S.M. (2010), Writing for the Instant Messaging and Text Messaging Generation: Using New Literacies to Support Writing Instruction. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 54: 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1598/JAAL.54.2.4
Trocchi, A. (2019), Internet Mon Amour, Ledizioni, Milano. Available online at https://circex.org/it/ima152
WhatsApp: How WhatsApp can help you stay connected during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Retrieved at 2021/10/06 from: https://www.whatsapp.com/coronavirus
Ipsos (2019). Consumers report trusting media less, personal relationships more. 24 June 2019. Retrieved at 2021/10/06 from: https://www.ipsos.com/en/consumers-report-trusting-media-lesspersonal-relationships-more
Medeiros, B.; Singh, P. (2020). Addressing Misinformation on Whatsapp in India Through Intermediary Liability Policy, Platform Design Modification, and Media Literacy. Journal of Information Policy, Vol. 10 (2020), pp. 276-298 (23 pages), Penn State University Press. https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0276
Marwick, A.; Lewis, R. (2017). Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online. Data & Society Research Institute. Retrieved at 2021/10/06 from: https://datasociety.net/library/mediamanipulation-and-disinfo-online/
Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute Digital News report (2020). Reuters Digital News Report. Executive Summary and Key Findings of the 2020 Report. https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/overview-key-findings-2020/
Wardle, C. (2017). Fake news. It's complicated. A first draft. February 16, 2017. Retrieved at 2021/10/06 from: https://firstdraftnews.org/articles/fake-news-complicated/

Chapter 7: The Digital Self

E. Pandey (2017). Sean Parker: Facebook was designed to exploit human "vulnerability". https://www.axios.com/sean-parker-facebook-was-designed-to-exploit-human-vulnerability-1513306782-6d18fa32-5438-4e60-af71-13d126b58e41.html
TED Talk by Tristan Harris: How a handful of tech companies control billions of minds every day https://www.ted.com/talks/tristan_harris_how_a_handful_of_tech_companies_control_billions_of_minds_every_day#t-1004277
Your undivided attention. https://www.humanetech.com/podcast
TED Talk by Tristan Harris: How better tech could protect us from distraction https://www.ted.com/talks/tristan_harris_how_better_tech_could_protect_us_from_distraction#t-882759
Plug-ins News Feed Eradicator: https://addons.mozilla.org/it/firefox/addon/news-feed-eradicator/
YouTube Distraction Free: https://addons.mozilla.org/it/firefox/addon/dfyoutube/
Facebook container: https://addons.mozilla.org/it/firefox/addon/facebookcontainer/
F.B. Purity – Clean Up and Customize Facebook: https://www.fbpurity.com/
StayFocusd: http://www.stayfocusd.com/
Freedpm: https://freedom.to/why
Chatterblocker: https://chatterblocker.com/
Ghostery: https://www.ghostery.com/
EFF Privacy Badger: https://privacybadger.org/
Decentraleyes: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/decentraleyes/
uBlock origin: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ublockorigin/
HTTPS Everywhere: https://www.eff.org/https-everywhere
Zoom escaper: https://zoomescaper.com/
Tristan Harris. TED talk: How a handful of tech companies control billions of minds every day. https://www.ted.com/talks/tristan_harris_how_a_handful_of_tech_companies_control_billions_of_minds_every_day#t-1004277
Nicolas-Kayser Bril. Investigating the Instagram Algorithm. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsZpCHwR9sI
European Data Journalism Network. https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/
Favier, L.; Viémont A. (2019/2020). Dopamine – Or why you are addicted to Apps. Production Les Bons Clients, Web-series for Arte Creative. https://www.arte.tv/en/videos/RC-017841/dopamine/
Réseau Canopé/Caroline Guédan. A-t-on besoin des réseaux sociaux pour exister ? https://www.reseaucanope.fr/la-course-a-lattention/pistes-pedagogiques/mon-applicationpreferee.html
UNESCO MIL CLICKS. MIL CLICKS Social Media Initiative. Media and Information Literacy: Criticalthinking, Creativity, Literacy, Intercultural, Citizenship, Knowledge and Sustainability, Retrieved at 2021/10/06 from: https://en.unesco.org/MILCLICKS
Kröger J. (2019). Unexpected Inferences from Sensor Data: A Hidden Privacy Threat in the Internet of Things. In: Strous L., Cerf V. (eds) Internet of Things. Information Processing in an Increasingly Connected World. IFIPIoT 2018. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 548. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15651-0_13
Meidert, U.; Scheermesser, M.; Prieur, Y.; Hegyi, S.; Stockinger, K.; Eyyi, G.; Evers-Wölk, M.; Jacobs, M.; Oertel, B.; Becker, H. (2018). Quantified Self – Schnittstelle zwischen Lifestyle und Medizin. TA-SWISS Band 67. https://doi.org/10.3218/3892-7
Do, K.; Meriaux, P. (2019). La course à l'attention. Dossier d'accompagnement à la série dopamine. Réseau Canopé. https://www.reseau-canope.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Projets/Dopamine/dossierpedagogique.pdf
Fréquence Écoles (2020). Stagram toi! Un atelier pour démystifier les photos “parfaits” des stars d'Instagram. Retrieved at 2021/10/12 https://www.frequence-ecoles.org/stagram-toi-jeueducatif-comprendre-mecanismes-instagram
OBCT (2021). Nicolas Kayser-Bril: Investigating the Instagram Algorithm. Edjnet. Retrieved at 2021/10/12 https://www.youtube.com/watch?V=GSZPCHWR9SI
Pandey, E. (2017). Sean Parker: Facebook was designed to exploit human “vulnerability”. Axos, Nov 9, 2017. Retrieved at 2021/10/06 from: https://www.axios.com/sean-parker-facebook-wasdesigned-to-exploit-human-vulnerability-1513306782-6d18fa32-5438-4e60-af71-13d126b58e41.html
We are social (2020). Digital 2020 Global Overview Report https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-global-digital-overview

Gallery:

Editors:

Marco Oberosler

Works as expert for global competences at the International Cooperation Centre in Trento (Italy). Board member at DARE Democracy and Human Rights Education in Europe 2019-2021 and co-editor of the handbook Learning the Digital.

Elisa Rapetti

Researcher in Sociology. PhD in Methodology of Social Research and Applied Sociology at University of Milano. Facilitator at Democracy and Human Right Education in Europe (DARE).

Nils-Eyk Zimmermann

Editor of Competendo. He writes and works on the topics: active citizenship, civil society, digital transformation, non-formal and lifelong learning, capacity building. Coordinator of European projects, in example DIGIT-AL Digital Transformation in Adult Learning for Active Citizenship, DARE network.

Blogs here: Blog: Civil Resilience.
Email: nils.zimmermann@dare-network.eu

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